ELECTRICAL PROJECT ABSTRACT

DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC METER READING BASED ON ZIGBEE

Abstract:

         Automatic meter reading, is a solution designed to automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic, and status data from utility meters (electric, water and gas) and transferring the retrieved data to a central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing etc. AMR solution is built essentially to monitor the energy usage and accessing the daily energy data which can result in better energy management. 

         This paper describes the study about Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) in indoor environments, implementing a WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) based on Zigbee technology. Automatic Meter Reading is used for remote collection of the utilities data. And these utilities may means electricity, gas, water consumption data or any other. Our concentration will be on Electricity power monitoring system which can receive the electricity meter reading in wireless and calculating and sending  the bill amount to the owner’s mobile as SMS from the server in the EB office.

            This technology mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter. Another advantage is that billing can be based on near real-time consumption rather than on estimates based on past or predicted consumption. This timely information coupled with analysis can help both utility providers and customers better control the use and production of electric energy, gas usage, or water consumption.

Existing System:

       In existing system a person is assigned to visit each house and note the meter readings manually, which can cause human error and can open an opportunity for corruption done by the human meter reader. Thus the billing system can become inaccurate and inefficient. This is also a time consuming process.

Proposed System:

In order to overcome the problems in the existing system a technique has been developed to read electricity meter readings from a remote server automatically using the Zigbee and GSM networks for sending bills to cellular phones.  Zigbee equipped with microcontroller is connected with the Household EB meter to calculate the EB meter reading. Another Zigbee Module is connected with the EB Server, which receives the Meter Readings from the Household EB meter through 2.4 GHZ Frequency. EB values are automatically updated to the server and calculates  the amount to be paid in the EB Server database. Mobile phone is connected in the main EB Server, which then sends the SMS to the House Owner regarding the amount to be paid and Units consumed.

Hardware used:

1.     Microcontroller

2.     EB meter

3.     Zigbee

4.     5V Power Supply

5.     PC

6.     Mobile

Software used:

1.     Keil / MPLAB(Microcontroller Programming)

2.     Proload/Pickit2

3.     Embedded C

EFFICIENT POWER GENERATION USING WIND AND LIGHT ENERGY

A variety of factors including the increasingly ageing population require more care services to be delivered to users in their own homes. As a result, the development of home care systems has been a crucial research field for both academics and engineers. However, most research work was focused on home-care health services for patients such as hi-tec home-care environment, smart-phone-based support system, wireless application protocol, mobile telemedicine system, etc .For elder or disabled people who are still in a good health condition, a friendly living environment, e.g., moderate indoor sunlight, is indeed an indispensable issue. Therefore, one of the solutions can be achieved by a power generator using wind and light energy.

Existing System:

Now days the solar panel is widely used but we cannot get the full energy from sun. Ensure to get the full energy we are going for proposed system.

Proposed System:

In this proposed system we are using two renewable resources for generating power. Normally we can able to generate power using sunlight but, it is not available all the time in that mean time we are going to use power, generated by wind energy. In this project we use a miniature wind mill and solar panel capable of driving the small load.

The microcontroller gets the power generated from the two resources, the analog voltage from two resources were converted into digital values and displays it in LCD, microcontroller switches the load using a DPDT relay  by comparing those values. Here are also using battery backup. If any of the power generators is unable to run the load battery backup is switched over to run the load. Since, we use renewable resources in our project it is very efficient for power generation.

Hardware Requirements:

• PIC16F877A Microcontroller
• Solar Panel
• Wind power generator
• LCD Display
• Relay Driver

Software Requirements:

·         MPLAB

·         Embedded C

Advantages:

·         Saves Energy

·         Low Cost

·         Improved Power Generation

Smart Integrated Circuit and System Design for Renewable Energy

Applications

Abstract

Since energy shortages are becoming more and more serious, developing renewable energy sources and improving power management technologies have become increasingly important. In this paper, a novel design and management tool is developed with visual basic (VB) software. The proposed tool is employed to design an integrated circuit (IC) and system for renewable energy applications, and the tool can also be used to assess the system's operating conditions in order to make maintenance decisions. In addition, the renewable energy harvesting system’s information will be posted on an online system so that users can thus access it at any time and from anywhere. Finally, computer simulated and experimental results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed IC and system.

CONTROLLING OF TRANSFORMER FROM SUBSTATION

AIM:

       The main aim of this project is to use the RF technology to continuously monitor and control the distribution transformer or any other power transformer from burning due to the overload, over temperature and high input voltages.

PURPOSE:

    Normally most of the transformers are burning because of over load; hence by incorporating monitoring and control circuits, correspondingly increasing the life time of the transformer

DESCRIPTION:

       In this project we designed a system in such a way that it will monitor and control the load of the substation continuously and that information is transferred to the control room using RF Technology. In the main station these parameters are displayed on the PC. In  PC we can view the continuous information of transformer i.e. due to what reason the transformer has been failed, when the power is resumed etc.,.  With the help of this kind of system, the maintenance staff of the department can have a continuous vigilance over the transformer. 

      In this project work, we had taken a small step-down transformer of 12V, 1 amps rating at secondary is considered and small bulbs are connected as a load.   In this project we are using CT transformer for measuring load current, voltage sensor and temperature sensor. All these parameters are converted into digital value by using ADC.  If the parameters of the transformer regain the limited range values then Transformer will automatically shutdown. Microcontroller near the transformer section will continuously transmit all the parameters of the transformer to control room and it will be displayed on PC.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS:

·         Microcontroller

·         Power supply

·         Relay

·         Loads

·         ADC

·         Sensors

·         RF Transmitter and Receiver

·         Encoder & Decoder

·         Transformer

·         PC

·         MAX 232

SOFTWARE TOOLS:    

·         Keil micro vision

·         Embedded C

·         Express PCB

APPLICATIONS:

• This project is used for protecting Transformers in sub stations, generating stations etc.
• Used for Industrial protection

RESULT:

Hence by this project we can monitor and control the substation using RF Technology.

 

 MICROCONTROLLER BASED  PHOTOVOLTAIC

POWER SYSTEM

Smart controller has been regarded as one of the important devices in stand-alone photovoltaic systems to save power. Besides that, the unstable voltage from photovoltaic systems may spoil the load. Studies show that the life time of the battery is degraded without using controller. Therefore, an intelligent controller should be designed to prolong the battery's life time and stabilize the voltage from photovoltaic panel. Off-grid photovoltaic electrical systems, such as those found in remote areas are typically equipped with battery systems in order to provide power at night and during overcast days.

Existing system:

Simple relay-operated smart controllers allow relatively coarse adjustment of the current flow and seldom meet the exact requirements of PV systems. But it has some disadvantages which are overcome by proposed system.

Proposed System:

This paper presents a cost efficient PV charge controller with the function to disconnect and reconnect battery and load. The proposed charge controller is equipped with LCD to display the panel voltage and battery voltage. Output of these 2 inputs is used to obtain the accurate and efficient disconnecting/ reconnecting action which is capable of protecting the battery and the load.  Microcontroller-based designs are able to provide more intelligent control with an internal computer program. Various control algorithms may be enacted with the same device simply by changing the program parameters and/or adding more sensors and by matching it to the various stages of panel voltage.

Block Diagram:

Hardware Requirements:

Ø  PIC16F877A  Microcontroller

Ø  Solar Panel

Ø  9V Battery

Ø  LCD

Software Requirements:

Ø  Embedded C

Ø  Keil Compiler

Advantages:

Ø  Saves the energy

Ø  Improves the battery life time

Ø  Low cost

 POWER PLANT DATA MONITORING ROBOT AND ALERT INTIMATION THROUGH SMS

          A Power plant is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. This is the conversion of other forms of energy, like chemical energy, gravitational potential energy or heat energy into electrical energy.

At the center of nearly all power stations is a generator, a rotating machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by creating relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. Here we are going to monitor some faults occurring in the power plant and if any abnormal situation occurs means it’s intimated through GSM

Existing System:

            In earlier systems, the faults occur in the power plant is just indicated through buzzers and using LCD displays. So it’s just indicated to the person where he is nearby to that system. It’s somewhat uncomfortable; to eliminate this drawback we go for a newer, efficient and simpler system.

Proposed System:

            Here we going to monitor the gas and temperature levels of the devices used in the several Power plants. The gas and temperature levels are given as the inputs to the comparator, where it compares the given input to the normal level, after that it is then fed to microcontroller unit. This microcontroller unit controls the movement of robot.

For the movement of robot we need relays i.e., an electromagnetic switch that switches according to given input. The input data’s like gas and temperature levels are continuously monitored and if any abnormal situation occurs means it is intimated by SMS to the predefined number to the certain person through GSM Modem. To interface the GSM Modem into the microcontroller we use MAX 232 level convertor.

Block Diagram:

Hardware Used:

·         GAS and Temperature Sensor

·         LM358 Comparator

·         8051 Microcontroller

·         Relay with ULN 2003A

·         Robot Mechanism

·         Max 232 level converter

·         GSM Modem

Software Used:

·         Embedded C

·         Keil Compiler

Advantages:

·         Abnormal data’s are intimated through SMS, so the person can know the status anywhere and at anytime.

Applications:

·         It can be used in Thermal Power Plant

·         And also used in Chemical Power Plant.

 PREPAID ENERGY METER USING RFID

The Embedded Technology is now in its prime and the wealth of knowledge available is mind-blowing. Embedded technology plays a major role in integrating the various functions associated with it. This needs to tie up the various sources of the Department in a closed loop system. This proposal greatly reduces the manpower, saves time and operates efficiently without human interference. This project puts forth the first step in achieving the desired target. With the advent in technology, the existing systems are developed to have in built intelligence.

 Ours being a developing country the power consumption is increasing on large scale to meet the growing demands. Power generation is widely based on the non-renewable sources, and these sources being depleting some means have to be found for power saving.

Existing System:

          In existing system bill will be paid after usage of Power. In this system electricity board has to monitor if the user has paid the bill in time.

Proposed System:

The project “Prepaid Energy Meter using RFID Technology” presents a method of power saving and a means to reduce the electricity bill. This unit consists of meter sensing unit, microcontroller, LCD display and Relay driver. RFID is used to load the amount and use the unit equal to the amount in the card. The total amount will be stored in the EEPROM.

The micro controller gets the data and displays on LCD. If the power consumed reaches the predetermined power that is it reaches the zero value in the tag, then automatically power will be shutdown. Also RFID can be used to recharge the amount using the keypad. This will reduce the extra usage power and only predetermined amount can be used. This system can be used in house and industries.

Block diagram:

Hardware Requirements:

Ø  PIC16F877A  Microcontroller

Ø  RFID Reader and Tag

Ø  Energy Meter

Ø  Relay Driver

Ø  LCD

Ø  Keypad

Software Requirements:

Ø  Embedded C

Ø  MPLAB or CCS Compiler

Advantages:

Ø  It provides more flexibility.

Ø  Reduces manpower.