A HARDWARE PLATFORM FOR
EVALUATING LOW-ENERGY MULTIPROCESSOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS BASED ON
COTS DEVICES
ABSTRACT
Embedded systems are usually energy constrained.
Moreover, in these systems increased productivity and reduced time-to-market
are essential for product success. To design complex embedded systems while
reducing the development time and cost, there is a great tendency to use “COTS”
(commercial off-the-shelf) devices. At system level, dynamic voltage and
frequency scaling (DVFS) is one of the most effective techniques for energy
reduction. Nonetheless, many widely used COTS processors either do not have
DVFS or apply DVFS only to processor cores. In this paper, an easy-to-implement
COTS based evaluation platform for low-energy embedded systems is presented. To
achieve energy saving DVFS is provided for the whole microcontroller (including
core, PLL, memory and I/O). Also, facilities are provided for experimenting
with fault tolerance techniques.
The platform is equipped with energy measurement and
debugging equipment. Physical experiments show that applying DVFS on the whole
microcontroller provides up to 47% and 12% energy saving compared with the sole
use of Dynamic Power Management (DPM) and applying DVFS only on the core,
respectively. Although the platform is designed for ARM-based embedded systems,
our approach is general and can be applied to other types of systems.
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