Mechnical abstract

AIR COMPRESSOR USING CRANK & SLOTTED LINK MECHANISM

SYNOPSIS

The objective of this experiment is to investigate the kinematics motion of a Crank and Slotted Lever Quick Return mechanism. The investigation is to show that it is indeed a quick return mechanism and to evaluate the increase in efficiency that this would offer if applied to a machine tool.

INTRODUCTION

Definition of a Mechanism

A mechanism is a simplified model, usually in the form of a line diagram, which is used to reproduce the motion occurring in a machine. The purpose of this reproduction is to enable the nature of the machine. The purpose of this reproduction is to enable the nature of the motion to be investigated without the encumbrance of the various solid bodies which form the machine elements The various parts of the mechanism are called links or elements. Where two links are in

contact and a relative motion is possible, then they are known as a pair. An arbitrary set of a links which form a closed chain that is capable of relative motion, and that can be made into a rigid structure by the addition of a single link, is known as a kinematics chain. To form a mechanism from a kinematics chain one of the links must be fixed. However as any of the links can be fixed, it follows that there are as many mechanism as there are links in the chain. The technique obtaining different mechanism by fixing the various links in turn is known as inversion.

WORKING PRINCIPLE

Kinematics Pairs

The relative motion between two links of a pair can take different form. Three types of a pairs are known as lower pairs and these are the frequently occurring ones:Sliding : such as occurs between a piston and a cylinder Turning : such as occurs with a wheel on an axle Screw motion : such as occurs between a nut and a bolt All other cases are considered to be combinations of sliding and rolling are called higher pairs. Strictly screw motion is a higher pair as it combines turning and sliding. Slider – Crank Mechanism The slider- crank mechanism is well known as the basis of a reciprocating engine. As shown in the diagram below it consists of three turning pairs and one sliding pair

In the above diagram, the link 1 is fixed. If we now fix link 2, that is consider an

inversion of the mechanism, we obtain the mechanism shown below. This is known as Whiworth’s Quick Return Mechanism.

AUTO BREAKING SYSTEM FOR FOUR WHEELER

 

SYNOPSIS

          The aim is to design and develop a control system based an intelligent electronically controlled automotive breaking system is called “INTELLIGENT BREAKING SYSTEM”. This Breaking system is consists of IR transmitter and Receiver circuit and the vehicle. The IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle in the path, the IR sensor senses the obstacle and giving the control signal to the breaking system. The relay is used to disconnect the motor supply voltage. 

 

INTRODUCTION

          We have pleasure in introducing our new project “INTELLIGENT BREAKING SYSTEM”, which is fully equipped by IR sensors circuit and electronic breaking circuit. It is a genuine project which is fully equipped and designed for Automobile vehicles.  This forms an integral part of best quality. This product underwent strenuous test in our Automobile vehicles and it is good.

 WORKING OPERATION

The IR TRANSMITTER circuit is to transmite the Infra-Red rays. If any obstacle is there in a path, the Infra-Red rays reflected. This reflected Infra-Red rays are received by the receiver circuit is called “IR RECEIVER”.

The IR receiver circuir receives the reflected IR rays and giving the control signal to the control circuit. The control circuit is used to activate the relay, so that motor will stop.

APPLICATIONS

     For automobile application

     Industrial application

ADVANTAGES

     Brake cost will be less.

     Free from wear adjustment.

     Less power consumption

     Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate.

     It gives simplified very operation.

     Installation is simplified very much.

     To avoid other burnable interactions viz.… (Diaphragm) is not used.

DISADVANTAGES

     Additional cost is required for automation

 AUTOMATIC HEAD LIGHT DIM/BRIGHT CONTROLLER AND ENGINE OVER HEATING ALARM

SYNOPSIS

The aim is to design and develop a control system based an electronically controlled automatic head light controller by using LDR Sensor and engine over heating alarm by using heat sensor is called “AUTOMATIC HEAD LIGHT DIM/BRIGHT CONTROLLER AND ENGINE OVER HEATING ALARM”.

            Automatic head light dim/bright controller and engine over heating alarm is consists of LDR sensor circuit, Heat sensor Circuit, Control Unit, Dim/bright light and frame. The sensor is used to detect the opposite side vehicle (Light Beam) on the path. There is any obstacle on the path, the sensor senses the obstacle (Light Beam) and giving the control signal to the Dim/bright Light. Similarly the heat sensor is fixed to the engine and this heat is measured and giving the alarm signal when the engine heat exceeds the setted temperature limit.

INTRODUCTION

 Car safety is the avoidance of automobile accidents or the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. Special safety features have been built into cars for years, some for the safety of car's occupants only, and some for the safety of others. We have pleasure in introducing our new project “AUTOMATIC HEAD LIGHT DIM/BRIGHT CONTROLLER AND ENGINE OVER HEAT ALARM”, which is fully equipped by sensors circuit, dim/bright light and engine over heat alarm circuit. It is a genuine project which is fully equipped and designed for Automobile vehicles.

This forms an integral part of best quality. This product underwent strenuous test in our Automobile vehicles and it is good. Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for its sustenance and well being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago.  Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food.  He derived this by eating plants or animals, which he hunted.

 Subsequently he discovered fire and his energy needs increased as he started to make use of wood and other bio mass to supply the energy needs for cooking as well as agriculture.  He added a mew dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and training animals to work for him.

 With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of failing water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of energy.

The major components of the “Automatic rain operated wiper” are follows

     LDR Sensor and Heat Sensor

     Frame

     Battery

     Dim/Bright Light (Head Light)

     Relay

BLOCK DIAGRAM

ADVANTAGES

     Low cost automation project.

     Less power consumption

     Operating Principle is very easy.

     Installation is simplified very much.

     Less time and more profit.

APPLICATIONS

Ø  Four wheeler application

Ø  Two Wheeler Application

DISADVANTAGES

1. This circuit is not working on low rain fall.
2. This system applied in the case of water falling on the class period only.
3.  Addition cost is required to install this system to four wheeler

 AUTOMATIC METAL CRACK DETECTOR

SYNOPSIS

            In our project “AUTOMATIC METAL CRACK DETECTOR” beings with an introduction to track Inspection and it’s various applications. The sensors are used to detect the crack in the track automatically and this signal is given to alarm unit.  This is a very efficient method of checking the cracks in the railway track and this is to be used in modern engineering industries.  The manual efforts can be completely avoided by using this modern equipment

INTRODUCTION

This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains an essential part of the system although with changing demands on physical input as the degree of mechanization is increased.

         Degrees of automation are of two types, viz.

     Full automation.

     Semi automation.

      

             In semi automation a combination of manual effort and mechanical power is required whereas in full automation human participation is very negligible.

Need for Automation:

·        Reduction of labour and material cost

·        Higher Accuracy

·        Reduction of work load to the labour

·        Increased safety

·        To reduce the inspection time

·        Reduction in fatigue

·        Improved personnel comfort

ADVANTAGES

   

§  The auto crack detection method is more efficient in the technical field

§  Quick response is achieved

§  Simple in construction

§  Easy to maintain and repair

§  Cost of the unit is less when compared to other

§  No fire hazard problem due to over loading

§  Comparatively the operation cost is less

§  Continuous operation is possible without stopping

§  Automatic alert system to the station master

§  The signal transmission is wireless transmission.

 

LIMITATIONS

     Major crack only detected

     The vehicle operated in battery power, so rechargable battery is used to drive the vehicle.

APPLICATIONS

§         Automatic crack checking:-

            The vehicle draws power from the battery. The optical sensor is used to detect the crack in the railway track. Suppose any crack in the track, the vehicle automatically stop and activates the FM transmitter circuit.